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  Indian J Med Microbiol
 

Figure 1 Basic mechanisms for β-catenin stabilization. (a) In the presence of Flt-3 ITD (Internal Tandem Duplication) mutations induce Frizzled-4 expression and increase β-catenin nuclear localization. (b) When Wnt binds to Fzd receptors with LRP5/6 co-receptors, Wnt pathway is activated leading to the stabilization of β-catenin. (c, d, and e) Mutations in Axin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and β-catenin genes can impair the downregulation of β-catenin. (f) Akt-dependent phosphorylation increased nuclear β-catenin. (g, h, and i) Epigenetic inactivation of WIF, SFRP, and DKK leads to the stabilization of β-catenin. DKK, Dickkopf; SFRP, secreted Frizzled-related protein; WIF, Wnt inhibitor factor.

Figure 1 Basic mechanisms for β-catenin stabilization. (a) In the presence of Flt-3 ITD (Internal Tandem Duplication) mutations induce Frizzled-4 expression and increase β-catenin nuclear localization. (b) When Wnt binds to Fzd receptors with LRP5/6 co-receptors, Wnt pathway is activated leading to the stabilization of β-catenin. (c, d, and e) Mutations in Axin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and β-catenin genes can impair the downregulation of β-catenin. (f) Akt-dependent phosphorylation increased nuclear β-catenin. (g, h, and i) Epigenetic inactivation of WIF, SFRP, and DKK leads to the stabilization of β-catenin. DKK, Dickkopf; SFRP, secreted Frizzled-related protein; WIF, Wnt inhibitor factor.